From Stone to Metals (in Hindi) 12:16 mins. Why Wegener thought that continents are drifting? The theory deals with the distribution of the oceans and the continents. Get exclusive UPSC Resources that I only share with Telegram subscribers. In 1964, Bullard created a map using a computer program to find the right fit of the Atlantic margin and it proved to be quiet. The outlines of the two coasts appear to be the detached portion of the other ie. At the base, the system has thick tillite signifying widespread and sustained glaciation. According to this theory, the supercontinent, Pangaea, began to split some two hundred million years back. The Gondwana system of sediments from India is recognized as having its counterparts in 6 different landmasses in the Southern Hemisphere. The gravity of the earth, the buoyancy of the seas and the tidal currents were given as the main factors causing the drift, by Wegener. The first continental portion of the earth was called ' Pangea ', and the oceanic part was called ' Panthalassa '. Based on the fossils record, he found that many fossils originated in a temperate or cold climate are found in … Why are the coal belts found in extremely cold regions of tundra? Save. In this article, You will read Continental Drift Theory for the UPSC IAS exam. Ans: Continental Drift theory had been proposed by Alfred Wegner in 1912, it talked about distribution of continents and the oceans. He is in fact known as the father of continental drift. In this session, Anirudh Malik will discuss the topics continental drift theory , sea floor spreading and plate tectonic theory . Causes of Drift. Arthur Holmes: convection current theory; Driving force behind the continental drift; It is difficult to explain these extensive glaciations on the basis of the existing distribution of landmass and water. Indian peninsula as well as Australia. CONTINENTAL DRIFT THEORY Basic Premise of the Theory. The presence of abundant placer deposits of gold along the Ghana coast and the complete lack of its source rocks in the area is a phenomenal fact. The climatic zones might have shifted from one region to another while the continents stayed at their places. He is in fact known as the father of continental drift. There existed supercontinent which we called pangea in the carboniferous period Alfred Wegener believed in three layers system of the earth e.g. Continental drift theory was given by Alfred Wegener in 1912 to explain the present arrangement of continents. What are the evidences in its support ? The continents remain stationary but the climatic zones shifted; Climatic zones remain stationary and land masses drifted; Wagner believed in the second alternative. In 1967, McKenzie and Parker suggested the theory of plate tectonics. remains of terrestrial animals are found on both coasts of the Atlantic. Extensive coverage of Geography through NCERT (Class-11th)-An Overview (in Hindi) 4:14 mins. According to Wegener’s Continental Drift theory, all the continents were one single continental mass (called a Super Continent) – Pangaea and a Mega Ocean surrounded this supercontinent. Topic: Salient features of world’s physical geography; Important Geophysical phenomena such as earthquakes, 1) What do you understand by the continental drift theory ? 2. 3. Click here to take a look at the syllabus, the exam pattern etc. The lesson will be delivered in English and Hindi both and the notes for the same will be provided in English The coastlines of South America and Africa fronting each other have a remarkable and unique match. Preparing for UPSC Civil services? Continental Drift theory was put forth by Alfred Wegener, a German meteorologist, polar explorer, astronomer, and geologist. Although Wegener’s initial theory did not cover mantle convection until Arthur Holmes later proposed the theory. Continental Drift Theory shifts India’s position too much to the south, distorting its relationship with the Mediterranean Sea and the Alps. Body – discuss the limitations of the theory why there was reluctance in accepting the theory – not enough satisfactory explanation to the forces or mechanism that caused these continents to move such great distances. Wegener was drawn to this idea because of the puzzling questions he had in his mind. CSAT Syllabus for UPSC 2020: Check-out the Exam Pattern and Marking Scheme. For example, the entire lemming (a rodent) population crosses, According to experts had the gravitational force of the, Also in order to cause a drift in a landmass, the rotations required should be at such a high speed that it would have thrown the, Sial floating over Sima – in reality, the lithosphere is floating on aesthenosphere, The formation of mountains (Rockies and Andes) due to friction by Sima is self-contradictory, Did not explain the formation of oceanic ridges and Island arcs. Mar 10, 2021 - Continental Drift theory- Geography Lecture 2(2) Video | EduRev is made by best teachers of UPSC. Share (Hindi) Extensive Coverage of Geography through NCERT (Class-11th) 107 lessons • 14h 28m . Body- after mentioning that theory of plate tectonics is an improvement over theory of continental drift, divide the body into parts and present evidences/ facts in favour of your stand. Description. Counterparts of this series are found in Madagascar, Africa, Antarctica, Falkland Island, and Australia not to mention India. According to Wegener’s Continental Drift theory, all the continents were one single continental mass (called a Super Continent) – Pangaea and a Mega Ocean surrounded this supercontinent. The theory deals with the distribution of the oceans and the continents. The skeletons of these creatures are found in the Traver formations of Brazil and Southern Cape Province of South Africa. Continental drift describes one of the earliest ways geologists thought continents moved over time. Wegener proposed that the movement accountable for the drifting of the continents was instigated by tidal force and pole-fleeing force. NCERT notes on important topics for the UPSC Civil Services Exam. The continuity of glaciers, inferred from oriented glacial striations and deposits called tillites, suggested the existence of the supercontinent of Gondwana, which became a central element of the concept of continental drift. The mountains do not always exhibit geological affinity. Rejection of Continental Drift Theory | UPSC – IAS. ADVERTISEMENTS: In this article we will discuss about the continental drift theory of Taylor. 927 watch mins In this session, Akshay Sharma will discuss about the Continental Drift Theory and this session will be beneficial for the UPSC aspirants. It provoked a lot of criticism and controversy. He postulated that all the earth’s land had once been joined into a single supercontinentsurrounded by an ocean. The widespread distribution of Permo-Carboniferous glacial sediments in South America, Africa, Madagascar, Arabia, India, Antarctica, and Australia was one of the major pieces of evidence for the theory of continental drift. He discovered that America and Africa fit together like pieces of jigsaw puzzles on a map and as times changed, a lot more evidence started to prove that Abraham was correct in his theory. Mesosaurus was a tiny reptile adapted to shallow brackish water. 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Why to Join Armed Forces (in Hindi) 8:02 mins. It is an improvement over the Wegener’s continental drift theory and has been considered as the most Continental Drift Theory. F.B, Taylor postulated his concept of ‘horizon­tal displacement of the continents’ in the year of 1908 but it could be published only in the year 1910. Basic Premise. Continental drift theory was proposed by Alfred Wegener in 1912. It is considered that there was a single landmass called PANGAEA- which means all earth. The reason of the equatorward drift was attributed to the rotation and the equatorial bulge of the earth while the westward movement was due to the gravitation pull of the moon and the sun. Alfred Wegner was a German meteorologist who put forth the Continental Drift Theory in 1912. Notice: Guys, Remaining Notes of Geography Optional will come after Prelims 2021, So now Focus on Prelims Exam 2021. Since then the pieces had moved to theirpresent positions and are still moving. Are you appearing for UPSC this year? Worried about the UPSC prelims? Wegener's theory of continental drift could not be taken seriously because he did not present it as a proven theory, nor did he have factual evidence that clearly stated why his theory could be true. outer layer of ‘SIAL’, an intermediate layer of ‘SIMA’ and the lower layer of ‘NIFE’.According to Wegener sial was considered to be limited to the continental masses alone whereas the ocean the crust was represented by the upper part of sima. In 1912 Alfred Wegener (1880-1930) postulated that all the continents once were together forming a single continent. Alfred Wegener and his theory. Generally, the similarity of the Gondwana type sediments shows that these landmasses had exceptionally similar origins. For more related articles click on the links given below: Your Mobile number and Email id will not be published. In this article, You will read Continental Drift Theory for the UPSC IAS exam. Though, most of the scholars considered these forces to be insufficient. The east coast of North and, there is a remarkable similarity in geological structure along the two coasts of the, it presents strong proof that at one point in time these landmasses were assembled together since the evidence. According to Wegener, the continents drifted in two directions: Towards the Equator: The reason of the equatorward drift was attributed to the rotation and the equatorial bulge of the earth while the westward movement was due to the gravitation pull of the moon and the sun. Evidence in support of the Continental Drift, Wegener was struck by the geographical similarity between the opposite coasts of the Atlantic Ocean. The interpretations that Lemurs occur in India, Africa, and Madagascar led to the theory of a landmass named “Lemuria” connecting these 3 landmasses. His ideas attracted much attention in the 1920s—and generated much controversy. Would love your thoughts, please comment. The supercontinent was named Pangaea (Pangea) and the Mega-ocean was called Panthalassa. The second force that was proposed by Wegener, the tidal force. In the 1920s, the concept of conventional currents in the upper mantle was developed. It is one of the earliest theory which talks about rifting and drifting of the continents. Continental Drift theory was put forth by Alfred Wegener, a German meteorologist, polar explorer, astronomer, and geologist. These notes will also be useful for other competitive exams like banking PO, SSC, state civil services exams, and so on. Plate Tectonics It was from the continental drift theory, convection current theory and the theory of seafloor spreading, the theory of Plate Tectonics was formulated. In a lecture in 1912, Wegener proposed a startling theory of ‘continental drift’. Summary. Introduction – Explain continental drift theory along with the person who gave this theory. Get exclusive UPSC Resources that I only share with Telegram subscribers. The Continental Drift Theory was not accepted by most of the scientific community and was hotly debated off and on for decades even after his death in 1930. Some Southern Hemisphere geologists, particularly in South Africa, responded with enthusiasm. Morgan later outlined the theory in 1968. According to Wegener at the time of Pangaea, the South Pole was situated near Durban of the present coast of South Africa. The gold-bearing veins are present in Brazil and it is evident that the gold deposits of Ghana in Africa are obtained from the Brazil plateau from the time when the two continents were beside each other. The radiometric dating methods have helped in correlating the formation of rocks present in different continents across the ocean. The session will be conducted in English and the notes will be provided in English as well. This article talks about the Continental Drift Theory. German meteorologist Prof. Alfred Wegener proposed this theory in 1912. It is the sedimentary rock made from glacier deposits. Voice Call, Evidence supporting the Continental Drift Theory. Later, Gondwanaland and Laurasia continued to break into several smaller continents that exist today. Required fields are marked *, Request OTP on Vedic Culture (in Hindi) According to him, about 250 million years ago, the earth was made up of a single landmass called Pangaea (meaning "all lands"), and a single ocean surrounding it called as Panthalassa. How could tropical ferns have grown in London, Paris, Bonn and even in Greenland? Continental Drift Theory – Geography Study Material & Notes Continents cover 29 percent of the surface of the earth and remainder is under oceanic waters. Article Name. This cannot be possible if the two landmasses were not joined as it quite impossible for these animals to swim across the Atlantic. ), State Civil Services Examination (conducted by RPSC, UPPSC, MPPSC and so on), other examination conducted by UPSC and other government bodies which includes questions on General Knowledge, Current affairs, general … Towards the west: On account of the westward drift, North America and South America got separated from Europe and Africa and the Atlantic ocean came into existence. Assumptions. explain what Wegner had to say in this regard and why it was non explanatory. 5. Learners preparing for UPSC CSE Exams and various other government exams can gain benefit from this session. This lesson is covering the continental drift theory. He named this landmass “Pangaea” ( pan = all, Gaea = earth) and theocean “Panthalassa” (pan = all, Thalassa = ocean). आज हम बहुत ही सरल शब्दों में महाद्वीपीय प्रवाह का सिद्धांत (Continental Drift Theory UPSC) के बारे मे बताया गया है। Alfred Wegener के बारे मे जानेंगे।.. SIAL floats on SIMA without any resistance. Abraham Ortelius was a famous cartographer from the late 15th century. Continental Drift Theory(CDT) Explanations. Wegener’s accumulated evidence could be most logically explained by continental drift. The mega ocean is known by the name Panthalassa. The main purpose of his hypothesis was … The polar-fleeing force relates to the rotation of the earth. Your Mobile number and Email id will not be published. On account of equatorward drift, Africa and Eurasia were pushed closer together and the Tethys sea deposits located in between the two were raised in the form of folded mountains of Alps, atlas, teinshan, Zagros, Hindukush, and the Himalayas. The development towards the theory began in the 1960s with extensive seafloor mapping This theory is based on the 2 principle hypothesis – Arthur Holmes convection current hypothesis, and the concept of seafloor spreading ’ advocated by Hess. G1/P3: Continental Drift Theory. MIND-MAPS: GEOGRAPHY BASICS (CONTINENTAL DRIFT THEORY & SOIL EROSION) – General Studies – 1 For Previous Important Topics (Mind Maps) – ARCHIVES Hello Friends, Recently we have come up with a NEW INITIATIVE – BRAINSTORMING THROUGH MIND-MAPS! The peninsula of India and Africa was separated from Australia and Antarctica. He was the first person to introduce the theory of continental drift. He gave two assumptions. Theory Not Proven: Although all of the continents could fit together like a puzzle, this is simply not enough evidence for such a large theory of science. 2. he migratory pattern of some animal species also hints towards the joined landmass. The glacial tillite gives clear evidence for palaeoclimates and the drifting of continents. This video is highly rated by UPSC students and has been viewed 806 times. While pondering over these points he came up with two possibilities: As it was difficult for the climatic belts to shift as they are controlled by the position of the sun i.e. E.g tidal forces and centrifugal forces are too small to bring such changes, magnetite striping and seafloor spreading, pacific ring of fire etc. tilt of the earth, it appeared more probable that the landmasses were shifted. Tackle your exam by preparing for the CSAT paper in advance. According to Wegner all continents used to form a single land mass known as PANGAEA and there was a mega ocean called as PANTHALASSA. ... Overview: Detailed coverage of General studies for UPSC (in Hindi) 6:05 mins. He is in fact known as the father of continental drift. Mind-map is an … In a lecture in 1912, Wegener proposed a startling theory of ‘continental drift’. Continental Drift Theory. The continental drift theory was undeniably convincing. majority of the geological foundation of the surface features of the earth The ancient rocks belts on the coast of Brazil match with those found in Western Africa. 1. Prepare with India's best IAS Coaching Program. Forces responsible for the drift are- a- tidal force resulting in the westward movement of the continents. Sudarshan Gurjar. According to the theory, this continental massstarted breaking up about 200 million years ago. The greatest criticism of this theory was due to the controversial forces which were stated to have caused the drift. Continental Drift Theory by Alfred Wegener. The theory deals with the distribution of the oceans and the continents. The old marine deposits found in the coasts of South America and Africa belong to the Jurassic Age. Continental drift theory was proposed by Alfred Wegener in 1912. Evidences and Limitations of Continental drift theory; UPSC 2013 Mains question on this topic; Drawing maps for India and world in minutes. Continental Drift Theory Guide for UPSC. Continental Drift Theory | UPSC CSE 2020 | Physical Geography by Sumit Sirwifistudy UPSC is a part of the Unacademy Group. (200 Words) NCERT If the climatic zones stayed stationary but the continents changed their places. 4. Continental Drift (UPSC Notes):- Download PDF Here. How are glacial pieces of evidence found in tropical regions of Brazil, Indian peninsula, Australia and Congo basin? Later, a sea called Tethys divided Pangea into two parts, namely Laurentia (Laurasia) or Angaraland to the north and Gondwanaland to the south of Tethys. But so much of the theory was based on speculation and inadequate evidence. Although, the Continental Drift theory have become obsolete the main idea of the theory of drift o… The mega ocean is known by the name Panthalassa. Pangaea first split into 2 big continental masses known as Gondwanaland and Laurasia forming the southern and northern modules respectively. This implies that the ocean never existed before that time. Syllabus of CDSE (in Hindi) 11:09 mins. Criticism of theory of continental drift This lesson will be extremely beneficial to those who are preparing for UPSC Civil Services Examination CSE (for IAS, IPS, IRS etc. Continental Drift Theory (Alfred Wegener). According to Wegener’s Continental Drift theory, all the continents were one single continental mass (called a Super Continent) – Pangaea and a Mega Ocean surrounded this supercontinent. But Alfred Wegener was not able to incorporate the concept of conventional currents as the most justifying reason for the movement of continents due to his untimely death. Lesson 19 of 107 • 623 upvotes • 8:03 mins. It was first put forward by Abraham Ortelius in 1596 before fully being developed by Alfred Wegener. 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Support of the scholars considered these forces to be insufficient we will discuss about the continental drift theory been... It quite impossible for these animals to swim across the Atlantic ocean Optional will come after 2021. Congo basin was … German meteorologist, polar explorer, astronomer, Australia! For more related articles click on the links given continental drift theory upsc: your Mobile number and Email id will be. Shows that these landmasses had exceptionally similar origins then the pieces had moved to theirpresent positions and still. Drift describes one of the earth was called ' Panthalassa ' csat syllabus for CSE... Metals ( in Hindi ) extensive coverage of General studies for UPSC CSE 2020 | Physical Geography by Sumit UPSC! In correlating the formation of rocks present in different continents across the Atlantic.. Different continents across the ocean never existed before that time in different continents the. 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Attention in the Traver formations of Brazil and Southern Cape Province of South America Africa! The concept of conventional currents in the carboniferous period continental drift theory UPSC. Prelims exam 2021 adapted to shallow brackish water and the continents German meteorologist, polar explorer, astronomer, the...

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