Temporary work forms 15% of total paid employment in EU and 12% of total paid employment in OECD countries. However, ILO Committee of Experts has reiterated time and again that ILO Conventions and Recommendations have general application unless otherwise specified. ILO Convention 171 talks about maternity protection for women night workers. My work/working hours are 9.30 to 6. General CommentThe above stated psychoanalytical interpretation is quite insightful and almost works very well, with one important disclaimer: The lyrics say 'This is the working hour, we are PAID by those who learn by our mistakes' (not pained). 3,225 people like this. [citation needed]. A 30-day vacation is mandated by law. [83][84], Hong Kong has no legislation regarding maximum and normal working hours. In 2016 working hours were of 39.1. Overtime work is all work in excess of the normal hours of work (excluding breaks). At the most concrete level, labor productivity captures things like the number of breads that a baker bakes in an hour, or the number of cars factory workers assemble in an hour. According to ILO Conventions 1 and 30, the standard or normal working hours should not exceed forty-eight hours in a week and eight hours in a day. Interestingly, the work time in primitive hunter-gatherer societies is much lower than in modern agrarian societies. The average weekly working hours of full-time employees in Hong Kong is 49 hours. [these are both mine and my employer's] Also, in another benefit, over 15 minutes of work would now qualify as overtime as per the New Wage Code. [73] The rules are complex, but generally exempt workers are executives, professionals, or sales staff. Working hours are any time the employee is ‘at the employer’s disposal’. [81][82] Alibaba founder Jack (Yun) Ma, and JD.Com founder Richard (Qiangdong) Liu both praise the 996 schedule, saying such a schedule has helped Chinese tech giants like Alibaba and Tencent grow to become what they are today. ensuring their safety and protecting maternity, Hours of Work (Industry) Convention, 1919; Hours of Work (Commerce and Offices) Convention, 1930; Forty-Hour Week Convention, 1935; Night Work Convention, 1990, ILO Conditions of Work and Employment Database, “Policies And Regulations To Combat Precarious Employment”, published by ILO. See more of The Working Hour on Facebook. The duo met in middle school and started making music shortly thereafter. [58], From January 1, 2010, Australia enacted a 38-hour workweek in accordance with the Fair Work Act 2009, with an allowance for additional hours as overtime. Working time may vary from person to person, often depending on economic conditions, location, culture, lifestyle choice, and the profitability of the individual's livelihood. Reduced hours also save money on day care costs and transportation, which in turn helps the environment with less carbon-related emissions. Economic growth in monetary terms tends to be concentrated in health care, education, government, criminal justice, corrections, and other activities rather than those that contribute directly to the production of material goods. 12-hour work days could lead to stress, fatigue, and as a result, lack of productivity among workers. According to an ILO report, working time became a central workforce issue at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution and it emerged as the fundamental labour policy issue since the adoption of the Factories Act of 1844 by the United Kingdom. The actual time at work often varies between 35 and 48 hours in practice due to the inclusion, or lack of inclusion, of breaks. [40] The government has continuously increased public holidays to 16 days in 2013, more than the 10 days of the United States and double that of the United Kingdom's 8 days. Unions often treat overtime as a desirable commodity when negotiating how these opportunities shall be partitioned among union members. Fear of unemployment and threats by employers explain in part why the 48-hour work week is disregarded. Work on rest day or public holidays is not counted in the 72-hour overtime limit, except for work done beyond the usual daily working hours on those days. Dropping fertility rates leading to fewer hours needed to be worked to support children. These are the origin of the phrase 9-to-5, used to describe a conventional and possibly tedious job. Convention 01 is applicable to the industrial undertakings which include among others mines, quarries and other processes for extractions of minerals, construction, maintenance and repair of buildings, railways, telephone installations, gas works, … The overtime rate payable for non-workmen is capped at the salary level of $2,600, or an hourly rate of … [43] Recently, Japan's Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (MHLW) issued a draft report recommending major changes to the regulations that govern working hours. [28][29][30] Other arguments for the four-day week include improvements to workers' level of education (due to having extra time to take classes and courses) and improvements to workers' health (less work-related stress and extra time for exercise). The Law 2000-37 on working time reduction is also referred to as the Aubry Law, according to the name of the Labor Minister at that time. The points are summarized as below: Hong Kong Catholic Commission For Labour Affairs urges the government to legislate the standard working hours in Hong Kong, and suggests a 44 hours standard, 54 hours maximum working hours in a week. Lunch breaks are one hour and are not usually counted as work. Records indicate that work schedules as long as twelve to sixteen hours per day, six to seven days per week were practiced in some industrial sites. ‘Spread over time’ refers to working hours plus the time for lunch and other breaks. [94], On 17–18 October 2012, the Legislative Council members in Hong Kong debated on the motion "legislation for the regulation of working hours". [6], The industrial revolution made it possible for a larger segment of the population to work year-round, because this labor was not tied to the season and artificial lighting made it possible to work longer each day. [44][citation needed] The overtime allowance should not be lower than 125% and not more than 150% of the normal hourly rate. Prolonged working hours for four days, without any guarantee of three days leave, will have a severe impact on the health of all workers in those conditions. [100], Member of Economic Synergy, Jeffery Lam, believes that standard working hours would adversely affect productivity, tense the employer-employee relationship, and increase the pressure faced by businesses who suffer from inadequate workers. [50][51], According to a study of the OECD Better Life Index, 4% of Spanish workers work more than 50 hours per week, compared to an average of 11% of workers in OECD countries. In most European Union countries, working time is gradually decreasing. Lay-offs and short-time working. [22][23][24] Actual work week lengths have been falling in the developed world.[25]. This means doing things their employer has asked them to do for their job. et al. Labour Min Proposes to Increase Daily Working Hours from 9 to 12. [71][72] Medical residents in the United States routinely work long hours as part of their training. Convention 01 is applicable to the industrial undertakings which include among others mines, quarries and other processes for extractions of minerals, construction, maintenance and repair of buildings, railways, telephone installations, gas works, transport services, etc. In larger cities, workers eat lunch on or near their work site, while some workers in smaller cities may go home for lunch. [20] In a 2011 report of 26 OECD countries, Germany had the lowest average working hours per week at 25.6 hours. Lee Shu-Kam, Associate Professor of the Department of Economics and Finance of HKSYU, believes that standard working hours cannot deliver "work–life balance". [31] Negatively used, it connotes a tedious or unremarkable occupation. The front runners for lowest average weekly work hours are the Netherlands with 27 hours,[19] and France with 30 hours. A track from the breakthrough Tears For Fears album Songs From The Big Chair, "The Working Hour" was written by vocalist Roland Orzabal, drummer Manny Elias and keyboard player Ian Stanley.Orzabal wrote the lyric about being sick and tired of people telling him what to do - it was his way of kicking out his frustration. ", "elaws – Fair Labor Standards Act Advisor", "China's young warm to the West's work–life balance", "China's Grueling Formula for Success: 9-9-6", "China's work ethic stretches beyond '996' as tech companies feel the impact of slowdown", "Jack Ma defends China's 996 tech work ethic", "China's JD.com Boss Criticises 'Slackers' as Company Makes Cuts", Report of the Policy Study on Standard Working Hours, Oxfam Hong Kong releases survey on Minimum Wage and Standard Working Hours, Standard work hours still years away: Tsang, working hours could derail Hong Kong's economy, warns government adviser, LegCo rejects standard work hours proposal, Business / Opinion Setting maximum work hours first, "Taiwan has 4th longest working hours in world", Hours of Work & Time – Ministry of Manpower, "Working Time Flexibility in European Companies", "Take it or leave it: flexible working-time arrangements and the synchronization of business cycle and life cycle", "Work until you drop: how the long-hours culture is killing us", Trends in Working Hours in OECD Countries, Explanation of Working Time Limits (48 hour week) in the UK and how the opt-out works, Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (CIPD) resources on the UK Working Time Regulations, OECD Average annual hours actually worked per worker, The Average Working Hours Around the World, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Working_time&oldid=1011773759, Articles with dead external links from July 2018, Articles with permanently dead external links, Articles with Chinese-language sources (zh), Articles with unsourced statements from November 2017, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2012, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2007, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2016, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2018, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2016, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2012, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2015, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2012, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2019, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from October 2018, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, The increase of women equally participating in making. 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