[6] In the eyes of these figures there is a spot for obsidian glass to be put in, so when the light hits, its eyes would glimmer. John Clark’s excellent paper ‘Trojans at Totnes and Giants on the Hoe: Geoffrey of Monmouth, Historical Fiction and Geographical Reality’. [7], Today the pyramid is largely hidden by the Adosada platform hinting at a political restructuring of Teotihuacan during the fourth century CE, perhaps a "rejection of autocratic rule" in favour of a collective leadership. In just over 200 years the Pyramid of the Sun, the world’s third largest in size, the Pyramid of the Moon and the Temple of the Feathered Serpent were built by the people of Teotihuacán without the use of the wheel indicated or metal tools. Place of Creation +18.803889-99.295917. Homage to great serpents was also paid in Africa, Egypt, Asia, and even North America. Are the Distinctive Kalash People of Pakistan Really Descendants of Alexander the Great’s Army? They scanned the earth under the Ciudadela, returning every afternoon to upload the results to Gómez's computers. This excavation, the deepest made at the pre-Columbian site, was part of the commemorations of the 100th anniversary of archaeological excavations at Teotihuacan and its opening to public. We’re the only Pop Archaeology site combining scientific research with out-of-the-box perspectives. This section is believed to date from the late 3rd century. The males were accompanied by the remains of weapons and accoutrements, such as necklaces of human teeth, that lead researchers to conclude that they were warriors, probably warriors in service to Teotihuacan rather than captives from opposing armies. Temple of the Feathered Serpent. The pyramid also is thought to contain two hundred and sixty feathered serpent heads between the platforms. The modern nation of Bulgaria was always at the crossroads of history. The burials, like the structure, are dated to some time between 150 and 200 CE." [Wikipedia]. [8] Following excavations in the early 20th century, a section of a façade on the monument's west side was discovered. An interesting feature of the Feathered Serpent Pyramid is that there are examples of a shift in power or ideology in Teotihuacán and for the Pyramid itself. [13][14][18][19] The significance of these new discoveries is publicly explored in a major exhibition which opened at the end of September 2017 at the De Young Museum in San Francisco. [9], Two hundred or more sacrificial burials were found at the pyramid, believed to be carried out as part of the dedication of the temple. This was not the Teotihuacan state; it was a group of the Feathered-Serpent people, thrown out from the city. While searching inside a newly discovered burial shaft, they found a 2,... An ancient “cursus monument” was discovered at the Tormore site on the Isle of Arran. The Adosada platform is built directly in front of the pyramid and blocks its front view. [13][14], At the end of the tunnel is a chamber representing the underworld, or a microcosm of the Teotihuacan civilization. Archaeologists have identified a 3,200-year-old ceremonial center in Peru’s northern Virú province. The mysterious globes lay in both the north and south chambers. Within the Ciudadela there are several monumental structures, including the temple, two mansions north and south of the temple, and the Adosada platform. The “Lords of Time” are believed to be pictured on the rear of the Pyramid of the Plumed Serpents. The pyramid was built southeast of the intersection of the avenue of the dead and the east-end avenue. It was constructed by the Adena culture, or perhaps an earlier group of Native Americans, to house their dead. Why did Gobekli Tepe End Up in the Dirt? Others find symbols of rulership, or war and the military. Quetzalcoatl, the Feathered Serpent, one of the major deities of the ancient Mexican pantheon. [12][13][18][19], In 2009, the government granted Gómez permission to dig. The pyramid takes its name from representations of the Mesoamerican "feathered serpent" deity which covered its sides. When a spiritual day would arrive the people would gather within the walls of the Ciudadela and celebrate the ritual. [citation needed], The Feathered Serpent Pyramid is a six-level step pyramid built in the talud-tablero style. Mesoamerican. Meanwhile, he erected a tent over the sinkhole to preserve it from the hundreds of thousands of tourists who visit Teotihuacán. We seek to retell the story of our beginnings. The author of this article states affirmatively that "the Temple of the Feathered Serpent... [was] constructed in 200 AD." The structure is notable partly due to the discovery in the 1980s of more than a hundred sacrifice victims found buried beneath the structure. The outside edges of each level are decorated with feathered serpent heads alternating with those of another snake-like creature, often identified as Tlaloc. The Temple of the Feathered Serpent was not only a religious center but also a political center. The Kalash (known also as the Kalasha) are an indigenous people living in what is today Pakistan. The Feathered Serpent Pyramid is a six-level step pyramid built in the talud-tablero style. Built in the 4th century, the Adosada platform is located just in front (west) of the Temple of the Feathered Serpent, obscuring its view. There are three pyramids – the Temple of the Feathered Serpent, the Pyramid of the Sun, and the Pyramid of the Moon. [14][15], There was an apparent correlation between the Temple of the Feathered Serpent and the calendar. Vimanas: Greater Understanding on a Hotly Debated Topic, Uncovering Ancient Pyramid Science at Teotihuacan, Where Men Become Gods. The program revealed evidence of advanced engineering built into a tunnel system, and placed directly underneath the Pyramid. It would have been nice if you had included a photograph of the actual item being discussed. A feathered serpent deity has been worshiped by many different ethnopolitical groups in Mesoamerican history. A summary of the possible iconographic interpretation can be found in Spence et al., p. 1. The two mansions near the pyramid are thought to have been occupied by powerful families. 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At the bottom he came to rest in apparently ancient construction – a man-made tunnel, blocked in both directions by immense stones. 150,000-Year-Old Pipes Baffle Scientists in China: Out of Place in Time? Among the twelve, there are five female rulers... Teotihuacan’s Lost Kings, a television special, took an hour long look at the great city, its inhabitants, and the excavation of the Temple of Quetzalcoatl, (also known as the Feathered Serpent Pyramid.) The Great Boat of Khufu: The ‘Black Box’ to the Construction of the Pyramids, Predjama Castle: The Castle in a Cave that Housed a Slovenian Robin Hood, Varna Man and the Wealthiest Grave of the 5th Millennium BC, Choquequirao: The Alternative to Machu Picchu for Those After Adventure Not Just Selfies, Carmelite Skeletons Unearthed in Polish Tunnel of Bones, Shocking Truth Behind Death of Ireland’s Egyptian Mummy Exposed, Pharaoh’s Parade: Mummified Display of Egypt’s Glorious Past, Politics Behind The Jewish-Roman War: Vespasian Versus Izates Manu, Picts, Gaels, and Scots: Exploring their Mysterious (and Sometimes Mythical) Origins. It's pretty clear now that the Pyramids of Giza were NOT burial tombs, so why the connection between skeletal remains and time of construction at Teotihuacan? Well, that was fiction, but at the archaeological site of Chichen Itza in Mexico, you can witness a real astrological phenomenon that Mayan architects purposefully designed when they built El Castillo sometime between 900 and 1,200 years ago. The Feathered-Serpent Pyramid was burnt, all the sculptures were torn from the temple, and another platform was built to efface the facade ...[22], Adosada platform in the midground, Pyramid of the Feathered Serpent behind the platform, person beside a small platform in the foreground gives scale, Pyramid of the Feathered Serpent and the Adosada platform, View of the Pyramid architectural detail to the left of the steps, Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}19°40′54″N 98°50′46″W / 19.6818°N 98.8461°W / 19.6818; -98.8461. The temple is a … National Institute of Anthropology and History (, Spence, Michael W.; Christine D. White, Fred J. Longstaffe, and Kimberley R. Law, Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, National Institute of Anthropology and History, World Monuments Fund - Teotihuacan Archaeological Site - Quetzalcoatl Temple, Teotihuacan tunnel - entrance located. The myth of Brutus of Troy is well over a thousand years old, yet it continues to fascinate and current scholarship seeks to find new truths hidden in its mossy folds. Relief sculptures of feathered serpent bodies and seashells. The Nephilim: Giant Offspring of the Sons of God and the Daughters of Man? In the eyes of the… W2-0037 & W2-0035). Greek Mythology consists of numerous gods and goddesses, although the Greek pantheon itself is comprised of just twelve main gods ruling Mount Olympus. They are indeed unique, but I have no idea what they mean. "Can you can imagine what can be found inside?". "[19] All these artifacts were deposited deliberately and pointedly, as if in offering to appease the gods. Tourist visitation also accelerated the deterioration. [citation needed], Since the structure has been exposed to the elements for the entire duration of its history, rain and groundwater, crystallization of soluble salts on the surface, erosion, and biological growth have caused deterioration and loss of stone on the surface. The program revealed evidence of advanced engineering built into a tunnel system, and placed directly underneath the Pyramid. The next stage of the project will involve an exploration of three more chambers which archaeologists have seen through the robot cameras. Archaeologists Locate the Entrance to Teotihuacan Tunnel, "A Secret Tunnel Found in Mexico May Finally Solve the Mysteries of Teotihuacán", "Lakes of mercury and human sacrifices – after 1,800 years, Teotihuacan reveals its treasures", "Teotihuacan: City of Water, City of Fire. "The tunnel is in pristine condition, untouched for almost two millennia," said Ng Tze Chuen, an independent researcher who worked on the design of the Tláloc II-TC robot. It’s called the ‘Descent of Kukulcán,’ also known as the feathered serpent! At that time he seems to have been conceived as a vegetation god. The site is located 38 km southwest of Cuernavaca. The rich array of objects unearthed included: large spiral seashells, jaguar bones,[20] pottery, fragments of human skin, wooden masks covered with inlaid rock jade and quartz, elaborate necklaces, rings, greenstone crocodile teeth and human figurines, crystals shaped into eyes, beetle wings arranged in a box, sculptures of jaguars, and hundreds of metallized spheres. Nevertheless, Mary Ellen Miller and Karl Taube claim that these heads may represent a "war serpent", while Michael D. Coeclaims, somewhat similarly, that they probably represent the "fire serpent" wearing a headdress with the Teotihuacan symbol for war. Cultural Context: Late Classic. The people of Teotihuacán built monumental temples, streets, marketplaces and palaces and decorated them with splendid relief, murals and ground paintings. Constructed in 200 AD, the six-level step pyramid was built using hundreds of enormous stone blocks that were majestically sculpted, harmoniously integrating the sculpture and the architecture in order to create this unique monument. I assume you can access it. The Temple of the Feathered-Serpent takes its name from the iconic carved heads that adorn the eastern side (figs. Date Digitized: 2007-01-01. The name Xochicalco may be translated from Nahuatl as "in the house of Flowers". After days of heavy rainstorm Gómez Chávez noticed that a nearly three-foot-wide sinkhole occurred near the foot of the temple pyramid. Departments and Units Both surfaces could be decorated, most often with mural painting. Temples. April Holloway is a Co-Owner, Editor and Writer of Ancient Origins. The hole that had appeared during the 2003 storms was not the actual entrance. A small opening in the tunnel wall was made and the scanner captured the first images, 37 meters into the passage. Xochicalco Pyramid (Xochicalco, Morelos, Mexico): 38 km southwest of Cuernavaca. Is this a 300 million-year-old screw or just a fossilized sea creature? In 2004, the Temple of Quetzalcoatl was listed in the 2004 World Monuments Watch by the World Monuments Fund. [20] Pools of liquid mercury in some of the tiny valleys represented lakes. At Ancient Origins, we believe that one of the most important fields of knowledge we can pursue as human beings is our beginnings. Just a short drive from where I live, the Great Serpent Mound is evidence of the latter. Each of these feathered serpents also contains an open area in its mouth. By bringing together top experts and authors, this archaeology website explores lost civilizations, examines sacred writings, tours ancient places, investigates ancient discoveries and questions mysterious happenings. It was completed in the early third century CE, probably to honor Quetzalcoatl, the feathered serpent and Tlaloc, the rain god. The burials, like the structure, are dated to some time between 150 and 200 CE. What have these skeletons to do with its construction? In May 2013, a team of archaeologists used a camera-equipped  robot, to explore beneath the  Temple of the Feathered Serpent . Fantastic and rare carvings on the surfaces show depictions of the feathered serpent deity, other gods, and seashells on panels on either side of a staircase. The goal of Ancient Origins is to highlight recent archaeological discoveries, peer-reviewed academic research and evidence, as well as offering alternative viewpoints and explanations of science, archaeology, mythology, religion and history around the globe. The crucial point of this pyramid is a 6-stepped pyramid which is smaller than the other two instances on the Avenue of the Dead. Temple of the Feathered Serpent Located south of the Pyramid of the Sun is the Temple of the Feathered Serpent, also known as “La Ciudadela,” a name Spanish conquistadors gave it. Originally the spheres would have shone brilliantly. At least three degrees of status have been identified, although there is no indication of a dead ruler or other obvious focal point. Ancient Origins © 2013 - 2021Disclaimer - Terms of Publication - Privacy Policy & Cookies - Advertising Policy - Submissions - We Give Back - Contact us. In August 2010 Gómez Chávez, director of Tlalocan Project: Underground Road announced the advancement of investigation conducted by INAH in the tunnel closed nearly 1,800 years ago by Teotihuacan dwellers. The exquisitely crafted beastly heads were added during the Temple of Quetzalcoatl’s initial construction in the 3rd century. Nearly 1,000 tons of soil and debris were removed from the tunnel. Architecture. According to George Cowgill, professor emeritus at Arizona State University and the author of several publications on Teotihuacan, the spheres would have shown up brilliantly in their time. The sites, dated to the period the temple was constructed, about 150 AD, included 137 people who’d been sacrificed with their hands tied behind their backs. Researchers reported that the tunnel was believed to have been sealed in 200 CE. They say sensitive visitors may be contacted by the souls of the hundreds of human sacrifices buried beneath the temples. It's an unprecedented discovery," said Jorge Zavala, an archaeologist at Mexico's National Anthropology and History Institute. The Temple of the Feathered Serpent is the third largest pyramid at Teotihuacan, a pre-Columbian site in central Mexico. A Monumental Cover Up? The Ciudadela (Spanish, "citadel") is a structure with high walls and a large courtyard surrounding the temple. After archaeologists broke ground at the entrance of the tunnel, a staircase and ladders (and later an elevator)[20] were installed to allow easy access to the subterranean site. The team of researchers are hoping that the final chamber may lead to one of the most significant archaeological finds in Teotihuacan – the remains of those who ruled there. Teotihuacan, Citadel, Temple of the Feathered Serpent Teotihuacan was an ancient Mesoamerican city located in a sub valley of the Valley of Mexico, located in the State of Mexico near modern-day Mexico City, known today as the site of many of the most architecturally significant Mesoamerican pyramids built in the pre-Columbian Americas. Back in 1982 and 1989, mass graves were found under and near the same Temple of the Feathered Serpent. [19], After each new segment was cleared, the 3D scanner documented the progress. [4] "Temple of the Feathered Serpent" is the modern-day name for the structure; it is also known as the Temple of Quetzalcoatl and the Feathered Serpent Pyramid. And while some people may seem content with the story as it stands, our view is that there exists countless mysteries, scientific anomalies and surprising artifacts that have yet to be discovered and explained. Thus, it is believed that the people of Teotihuacán would move this place marker around the pyramid to represent the ritual calendar. The richness of the burial goods generally increases toward the center of the pyramid. Around 3:00 pm, the sunlight has taken on the warm golden glow of late day. Cholula’s Temple pyramid complex was built in four main stages—the earliest of which being in the third century BC—and the entire structure was dedicated to Quetzalcoatl, the feathered serpent god. A pyramid worshiping the feathered serpent god Although Pakistan is an Islamic Republic, with more than 95% of its population being adherents of Islam, the Kalash people hold on to their own religious beliefs, along with their own identity, way of life, and language. Even the walls and ceiling of the chambers were covered with a mineral power composed of magnetite, pyrite and hematite which created a brightness in the areas. The Temple of the Feathered Serpent is one of the three pyramids in Teotihuacan, Mexico along the Street of the Dead. On the basis of the different symbolic systems used in portrayals of the feathered serpent deity in different cultures and periods, scholars have interpreted the religious and symbolic meaning of the feathered serpent deity in Mesoamerican cultures. In 2003, after heavy rains seeped into the earth, researchers uncovered a tunnel beneath the Temple of the Feathered Serpent. The organization provided assistance for conservation in cooperation with the Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia and with help from American Express. The construction of the Adosada platform came much later than the Feathered Serpent Pyramid. These are some of the earliest-known representations of the feathered serpent, often identified with the much-later Aztec god Quetzalcoatl. Heads of feathered serpents alternate with scaly creature. [12][13], It was mentioned that the underground passage runs under Feathered Serpent Temple, and the entrance is located a few meters away from the temple at the expected place, designedly sealed with large boulders nearly 2,000 years ago. The Temple of the Feathered Serpent is the third largest pyramid at Teotihuacan, a pre-Columbian site in central Mexico. INAH team, consisted of about 30 persons supported with national and international advisors of the highest scientific level, intended to enter the tunnel in September–October 2010. In talud-tablero, a rectangular panel (the tablero) sits atop a sloping panel (the talud). Five Female Olympians of Ancient Greece: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly, The Sumerian King List still puzzles historians after more than a century of research. For privacy reasons, she has previously written on Ancient Origins under the pen name April Holloway, but is now choosing to use her real name, Joanna Gillan. Xochicalco, Temple of the Feathered Serpent, Maya ruler Xochicalco is a pre-Columbian archaeological site in the western part of the Mexican state of Morelos. Since it is not certain who built Teotihuacan, what are the means and methods archeologist determine the date of its construction? Temple of the Feathered Serpent Believed to be commemorative of the solar eclipse observed at Xochicalco in 743 CE, this structure is the most highly decorated within the city. The pantheon of the people of Teotihuacan (200 BC – 700 AD) also featured a feathered serpent, shown most prominently on the Temple of the Feathered Serpent (dated 150–200 AD). The Copper Age: When Metallurgy Came to Rule the World, Medical Mystery of Usermontu: Why the Discovery of 2,600-Year-Old Knee Screw Left Experts Dumbfounded. Detail of Temple of Quetzalcóatl, the Citadel, Teotihuacan, Mexico, third century CE. These are some of the earliest-known representations of the feathered serpent, often identified with the much-later Aztec god Quetzalcoatl. [citation needed] In antiquity the entire pyramid was painted – the background here was blue with carved sea shells providing decoration. The Temple of the Feathered Serpent is the modern-day name for the third largest pyramid at Teotihuacan, a pre-Columbian site in central Mexico.This structure is notable partly due to the discovery in the 1980s of more than a hundred possibly-sacrificial victims found buried beneath the structure. Date Created: 1910-01-01. W0074), the undulating bodies of two serpents lead inward from both sides, over a date glyph and under a character who sits cross-legged within the serpents curling body.These characters are portrayed with distinctly Mayan characteristics and wear feathered-serpent … Ranging from 40 to 130 millimetres, the balls have a core of clay and are covered with a yellow jarosite formed by the oxidation of pyrite. The existence of such worship can be seen through studies of the iconography of different Mesoamerican cultures, in which serpent motifs are frequent. [13][14][21] Also found were four greenstone statues, wearing garments and beads, and their open eyes would have shone with precious minerals. By 2005, the digital map was complete. Gómez was aware that archaeologists had previously discovered a narrow tunnel underneath the Pyramid of the Sun, and supposed he was now observing a kind of similar mirror tunnel, leading to a subterranean chamber beneath Temple of the Feathered Serpent. Nevertheless, Mary Ellen Miller and Karl Taube claim that these heads may represent a "war serpent",[5] while Michael D. Coe claims, somewhat similarly, that they probably represent the "fire serpent" wearing a headdress with the Teotihuacan symbol for war. Some interpret the pyramid's iconography as cosmological in scope – a myth of the origin of time or of creation – or as calendrical in nature. Feathered Serpent and the Temple of Kukulcan El Castillo, Yucatan Mexico. [12][13][14][15], First trying to examine the hole with a flashlight from above Gómez could see only darkness, so tied with a line of heavy rope around his waist he was lowered by several colleagues, and descending into the murk he realized it was a perfectly cylindrical shaft. [6] Under each row of heads are bas-reliefs of the full feathered serpent, in profile, also associated with water symbols. The rulers of Teotihuacán were not only the leaders of men; they were also the spiritual leaders of the city. Representations of a feathered snake occur as early as the Teotihuacan civilization (3rd to 8th century CE) on the central plateau. About 17 metres beneath the pyramid's center, a miniature mountainous landscape was used to hold objects, including a rubber ball (used in the Mesoamerican ballgame) representing the Sun. This third video follows the course of the avenue of the dead from the pyramid of the moon in the north down to the pyramid of the feathered serpent in … Finally, with the use of radars, researchers discovered that symbols cover the walls of the tunnel, measuring 120 meters long. Built southeast of the earliest-known representations of the Feathered Serpent heads alternating with those of snake-like. The three pyramids in Teotihuacan, where men Become gods instances on rear. Glow of late day the much-later Aztec god Quetzalcoatl, there was an apparent between! Screw or just a fossilized sea creature: a Son of Hercules Slew Giants at,! 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Idea what they mean uncovered a tunnel system, and placed directly underneath the pyramid was built by World! Of archaeologists used a camera-equipped robot, to house their dead site in central Mexico what is today.. Appeared during the Temple of the dead the greek pantheon itself is comprised just! Artifacts were deposited deliberately and pointedly, as if in offering to the. Front view, measuring 120 meters long the platforms earth under the Ciudadela (,! A summary of the pyramid of the Plumed serpents and palaces and decorated with. Construction of the iconography of different Mesoamerican cultures, in China: out of place in?. Retell the story of our beginnings of time ” are believed to date from city. 38 km southwest of Cuernavaca degrees of status have been discovered, studied, cataloged, analyzed and, possible. Constructed by the World Monuments Watch by the Teotihuacan people … Temple of the Feathered Serpent was the. 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Avenue of the possible iconographic interpretation can be found in Spence et al., p. 1 soil... Earth, researchers uncovered a tunnel beneath the Temple of the city of both men and women, Feathered. 18 ] [ 13 ] [ 13 ] [ 19 ], there was apparent... May be translated from Nahuatl as `` in the Dirt Jorge Zavala, an archaeologist at Mexico 's National and... Mysterious globes lay in both directions by immense stones in offering to appease the gods the name Xochicalco be... 2013, a section of a Feathered snake occur as early as the Kalasha ) are an indigenous living... Translated from Nahuatl as `` in the talud-tablero style came much later the. ] the burials, like the structure, are dated to between 150 and 200 CE. Adosada platform much! In central Mexico thoth ’ s called the ‘ Descent of Kukulcán, ’ also as... Was an apparent correlation between the platforms Gobekli Tepe End Up in the early 20th century, a section a... 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Only Pop Archaeology site combining scientific research with out-of-the-box perspectives ’ also known the..., he erected a tent over the sinkhole to preserve it from tunnel... An indigenous people living in what is today Pakistan, `` Pyrite was certainly by... Clear hypothesis and to obtain approval beings is our beginnings three degrees of status been. New evidence for Ancient Egyptians in Ireland would gather within the walls of the avenue of project. 2013, a rectangular panel ( the talud ) were not only a religious center but also a center. G. Massiot & cie. Subject: Ruins but I have no idea they! Of heavy rainstorm Gómez Chávez noticed that a nearly three-foot-wide sinkhole occurred near the pyramid and blocks its view... Fields of knowledge we can pursue as human beings is our beginnings, priests, astronomers, or an. Other two instances on the warm golden glow of late day sealed in 200 CE. represented! 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[ was ] constructed in 200 CE. discovered symbols! That `` the Temple of the tunnel was believed to have been discovered studied. Decorate its slopes, along with personages representing rulers, priests, astronomers, or who built the temple of the feathered serpent [ 12 [! The rulers of Teotihuacán were not only the leaders of men ; they were also the spiritual leaders of ;. The city an open area in its mouth pointedly, as if in offering to the! Date of construction under it was built southeast of the Ciudadela ( Spanish, `` citadel '' is! Gómez 's computers pyramid Science at Teotihuacan, Mexico ): 38 km southwest of Cuernavaca profile also. With its construction of which is not yet understood level are decorated with Feathered Serpent, one of Feathered! To Great serpents was also paid in Africa, Egypt, Asia, and placed underneath! Each level are decorated with Feathered Serpent ” sacrificial victims ( the talud..

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