“Better the whole people perish than that injustice be done” – Immanuel Kant. This encyclopedia article focuses on Kant’s views in the philosophy of mind, which undergird much of his epistemology and metaphysics. “Dignity is a value that creates irreplaceability.” – Immanuel Kant. German philosopher Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) was an opponent of utilitarianism. KANTIAN ETHICS . b. act only on maxims that we can will to become universal laws. 47. Leading 20 th century proponent of Kantianism: Professor Elizabeth Anscombe (1920-2001). “What might be said of things in themselves, separated from all relationship to our senses, remains for us absolutely unknown” – Immanuel Kant. According to Kant, morality requires us to. According to Kant, cultivating one's natural gifts is a duty because one cannot possibly will that neglecting one's talents should be a universal law of nature. a. perform the action that leads to the greatest total happiness. It shows us why loyalty is so important for cultivating friendship (18:24; 19:6; 27:9–10). Kantian ethics refers to a deontological ethical theory developed by German philosopher Immanuel Kant that is based on the notion that: "It is impossible to think of anything at all in the world, or indeed even beyond it, that could be considered good without limitation except a good will. c. behave only in such a way as a perfectly virtuous person would behave. In this context, it is important to understand not only why friendship can be valuable, but also what justifies particular friendships. "Make friends" isn’t just something we tell our kids to do on the first day of school — positive friendships are important for adults, too. And it doesn’t just address relationships in general, but also friendship in particular. Friends can challenge us, confuse us, and sometimes, we might wonder why we bother. 46. 5 In the Critique of Practical Reason, Kant defines happiness as “the state of a Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) was one of the most important philosophers of the Enlightenment Period (c. 1650-1800) in Western European history. For Kant, the ultimate goal of the nature created by God id man as a moral being: the world was created according to man's moral needs. happiness to include “power, riches, honor, even health and that complete well-being and satisfaction with one’s condition.” 3 Kant refers to man’s preservation and welfare as synonymous with his happiness. But friendship is as important to our wellbeing as eating right and exercising. 4 He calls hap- piness the complete satisfaction of all one’s needs and inclinations. 45. – Immanuel Kant. What’s more, friendships help us grow through each year of our lives. Kant: Philosophy of Mind. 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