[23] The commonwealth elected Henry, rather than Habsburg candidates, partly in order to be more agreeable to the Ottoman Empire (a traditional ally of France through the Franco-Ottoman alliance) and strengthen a Polish-Ottoman alliance that was in effect. After the death of Henry's younger brother Francis, Duke of Anjou, and when it became apparent that Henry would not produce an heir, the Wars of Religion developed into a succession crisis, the War of the Three Henrys. In Henry, King of France, the sequel to Young Henry of Navarre, the compelling epic of Henry IV's reign over France is followed to its tragic destiny. The Order would retain its prestige as the premier chivalric order of France until the end of the French monarchy. Henry II of France Dies of Tournament Wounds Henry II was fatally injured by the Count of Montgomery during a jousting tournament. Henry II (French: Henri II; 31 March 1519 – 10 July 1559) was King of France from 31 March 1547 until his death in 1559. Henry II, King of France (until d. 1559); Carl August, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, Residenzschloss, Weimar (by 1804–d. At first, the king's wound did not appear fatal, but he enjoined all the officers around him, in the event that he did not survive, to be loyal to Henry of Navarre as their new king. The monk gave the king a bundle of papers and stated that he had a secret message to deliver. France was at the time plagued by the Wars of Religion, and Henry's authority was undermined by violent political factions funded by foreign powers: the Catholic League (supported by Spain and the Pope), the Protestant Huguenots (supported by England and the Dutch) and the Malcontents (led by Henry's own brother the Duke of Alençon, a party of Catholic and Protestant aristocrats who jointly opposed the absolutist ambitions of the king). In either 1386 or 1387, Henry Bolingbroke, earl of Derby, and his wife Mary de Bohun, welcomed their first-born son Henry at their castle in present-day Monmouth, Wales. His father was King Francis I, who was captured a few years after his birth. U.S. President [HAYES] 's 18-Great Grandfather. On 12 May 1588, when the Duke of Guise entered Paris, an apparently spontaneous Day of the Barricades erupted in favor of the Catholic champion. Library of Congress: referencedIn Henry III was interred at the Saint Denis Basilica. In fact, we do not even know for certain what year he was born. Henry I (4 May 1008 – 4 August 1060) was King of the Franks from 1031 to 1060, the third from the House of Capet. [4], In November 1567, upon the death of Anne de Montmorency, Henry assumed the role of Lieutenant-General of France placing him in nominal control of France's military. Henry of Navarre was born in Pau, France, on December 13, 1553. Autograph subscription and signature to letter : Mazercci, to Forget, secretary to Henry III, 1579 Apr. Henry III's reign as King of France, like those of his elder brothers Francis and Charles, would see France in constant turmoil over religion. Crawford, Katherine B., "Love, Sodomy, and Scandal: Controlling the Sexual Reputation of Henry III", This page was last edited on 25 February 2021, at 13:10. Henry III fled the city. [22], On 16 May 1573, Polish nobles chose Henry as the first elected monarch of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Henry III of Navarre succeeded him as Henry IV, the first of the kings of the House of Bourbon. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. The duke was told that the king wished to see him in the private room adjoining the royal bedroom. "[14] Katherine Crawford, by contrast, emphasizes the problems Henry's reputation encountered because of his failure to produce an heir and the presence of his powerful mother at court, combined with his enemies' insistence on conflating patronage with favouritism and luxury with decadence. FRANCIS I, King of France, son of Charles of Valois, Count of Angouléme, and Louise of Savoy, was born at Cognac on the 12th of September 1494. [9] Some modern historians dispute this. In 1547 he created the Chambre Ardente in the Parlement of Paris for trying heretics. Accordingly, on 23 December 1588, at the Château de Blois, he invited the Duke of Guise to the council chamber where the duke's brother Louis II, Cardinal of Guise, already waited. [27] The Poles, on the other hand, wondered if all Frenchmen were as concerned with their appearance as their new king appeared to be. In 1584, the King's youngest brother and heir presumptive, Francis, Duke of Anjou, died. A bigoted Roman Catholic, Henry was rigorous in the repression of Protestantism, which was approaching the zenith of its power in France. Henry VIII: First Years as King . The royal demesne of France reached its smallest size during his reign, and for this reason he is often seen as emblematic of the weakness of the early Capetians. Sejm of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Learn how and when to remove this template message, https://archive.org/stream/erotikabiblion00mirauoft#page/n5/mode/1up, Provisional Government of the French Republic, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Henry_III_of_France&oldid=1008863585, French people of the French Wars of Religion, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Lithuanian-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2010, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2016, Articles needing additional references from May 2016, All articles needing additional references, Articles with French-language sources (fr), Articles with dead external links from December 2015, Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with RKDartists identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with multiple identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, As the Duke of Anjou, the future Henry III plays a significant role in the French film, He is also featured in a few episodes in the first and fourth seasons of. [29], The short reign of Henry at Wawel Castle in Poland was marked by a clash of cultures between the Polish and the French. In 1578, Henry created the Order of the Holy Spirit to commemorate his becoming first King of Poland and later King of France on the Feast of Pentecost and gave it precedence over the earlier Order of St. Michael, which had lost much of its original prestige by being awarded too frequently and too readily. In his youth, Henry was considered the best of the sons of Catherine de' Medici and Henry II. At the age of 15, Diane was married to Louis de Brézé, seigneur d'Anet, who was 39 years her senior. [5] It was however uncovered before any action could be taken. The Throne of France. In 1588, he granted Jacques Noël, the nephew of Jacques Cartier, privileges over fishing, fur trading, and mining in New France.[33]. [15], In 1570, discussions commenced arranging for Henry to court Queen Elizabeth I of England. Instead, he became nominally Roman Catholic. PM Churchill's 23-Great Grandfather. [8], Gary Ferguson found their interpretations unconvincing: "It is difficult to reconcile the king whose use of favourites is so logically strategic with the man who goes to pieces when one of them dies. [26] Henry also gave up any claims to succession and he "recognized the principle of free election" under the Henrician Articles and the pacta conventa. The functions of the different sections of the king’s council became more specialized; the commissaries sent into the provinces “to exercise the king’s orders” were the forerunners of the intendants; and intermediary tribunals were established between the local justices and the parlements (high courts). Then be willing to break them in favour of something better. One of his natural children was Diane de France, who was legitimatized. Childless, he was the longest-living of Henry II's sons to have become king and also the last of the Valois kings. These predilections were attributed to his Italian mother. The Spanish in the Netherlands, however, besieged the town of Saint-Quentin in Picardy, and Montmorency was defeated in an attempt to relieve it. Upon hearing (inaccurately) that she limped because of a varicose vein, he called her an "old creature with a sore leg". Certainly he enjoyed intense relationships with them. Debatable or disputed rulers are in italics. Henry II, also called (until 1547) Duke (duc) d’Orléans, (born March 31, 1519, Saint-Germain-en-Laye, near Paris, France—died July 10, 1559, Paris), king of France from 1547 to 1559, a competent administrator who was also a vigorous suppressor of Protestants within his kingdom. [13] Certainly his religious enemies plumbed the depths of personal abuse in attributing vices to him, topping the mixture with accusations of what they regarded as the ultimate devilish vice, homosexuality. Henry II of France was a monarch who ruled France from 1547 to 1559. Negotiators reached an agreement on 24 June 1573, and Catholic troops ended the siege on 6 July 1573. Inside the city, joy at the news of Henry III's death was near delirium; some hailed the assassination as an act of God.[34]. 1828); by descent to Wilhelm Ernst, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, Residenzschloss, Weimar, later Schloss Heinrichau, Lower Silesia, Germany (now Henryków, Poland) (1901–d For the time being, Henry II was king, and his advisers made every effort to temper Guise influence. His tenure lasted from 1930 to 1961, spanning most of Hollywood's "golden" era. He died on July 10th, 1559. On the death of ‘Bloody’ Mary Tudor in 1558, Elizabeth was considered illegitimate in Catholic eyes. He once tried to teach his son that as future King he needed to be willing to make lots of deals. In a tournament during the festivities, Henry was hit in the head by a lance of Gabriel, Count de Montgomery, captain of the Scottish guard, and died 10 days later. However, the research behind the narrative provides the history buff with a memorable view of the tangled events that involved Henry of Navarre and later King of France in the Wars of … [28], At a ceremony before the Parlement of Paris on 13 September, the Polish delegation handed over the "certificate of election to the throne of Poland-Lithuania". Though Henry made a truce with Charles in 1556, war was soon resumed when a French expedition was sent into Italy under François, Duke de Guise (1557). He was born in the royal Chateau de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, near Paris. Old fashioned narrative style. King Henry II of France was a determined, ruthless, and tricky man. King Francis … There, royal guardsmen murdered the duke, then the cardinal. Henry IV, King of France, 1553-1610. [16][17] Henry would go on to serve as a leader of the royal army, taking part in the victories over the Huguenots at the Battle of Jarnac (March 1569)[18] and at the Battle of Moncontour (October 1569). 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